Kejadian 25:23

25:23 and the Lord said to her,

“Two nations ¹  are in your womb,

and two peoples will be separated from within you.

One people will be stronger than the other,

and the older will serve the younger.”

Kejadian 25:33

25:33 But Jacob said, “Swear an oath to me now.” ²  So Esau ³  swore an oath to him and sold his birthright ⁴  to Jacob.

Kejadian 43:9

43:9 I myself pledge security ⁵  for him; you may hold me liable. If I do not bring him back to you and place him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my life. ⁶ 

Kejadian 43:1

The Second Journey to Egypt

43:1 Now the famine was severe in the land. ⁷ 

1 Samuel 14:24-28

Jonathan Violates Saul’s Oath

14:24 Now the men of Israel were hard pressed that day, for Saul had made the army agree to this oath: “Cursed be the man who eats food before evening! I will get my vengeance on my enemies!” So no one in the army ate anything.

14:25 Now the whole army ⁸  entered the forest and there was honey on the ground. ⁹  14:26 When the army entered the forest, they saw ¹⁰  the honey flowing, but no one ate any of it, ¹¹  for the army was afraid of the oath. 14:27 But Jonathan had not heard about the oath his father had made the army take. He extended the end of his staff that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb. When he ate it, ¹²  his eyes gleamed. ¹³  14:28 Then someone from the army informed him, “Your father put the army under a strict oath ¹⁴  saying, ‘Cursed be the man who eats food today!’ That is why the army is tired.”

1 Samuel 14:36-45

14:36 Saul said, “Let’s go down after the Philistines at night; we will rout ¹⁵  them until the break of day. ¹⁶  We won’t leave any of them alive!” ¹⁷  They replied, “Do whatever seems best to you.” ¹⁸  But the priest said, “Let’s approach God here.” 14:37 So Saul asked God, “Should I go down after the Philistines? Will you deliver them into the hand of Israel?” But he did not answer him that day.

14:38 Then Saul said, “All you leaders of the army come here. Find out ¹⁹  how this sin occurred today. 14:39 For as surely as the Lord, the deliverer of Israel, lives, even if it turns out to be my own son Jonathan, he will certainly die!” But no one from the army said anything. ²⁰ 

14:40 Then he said to all Israel, “You will be on one side, and I and my son Jonathan will be on the other side.” The army replied to Saul, “Do whatever you think is best.”

14:41 Then Saul said, “O Lord God of Israel! If this sin has been committed by me or by my son Jonathan, then, O Lord God of Israel, respond with Urim. But if this sin has been committed by your people Israel, respond with Thummim.” ²¹  Then Jonathan and Saul were indicated by lot, while the army was exonerated. ²²  14:42 Then Saul said, “Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan!” ²³  Jonathan was indicated by lot.

14:43 So Saul said to Jonathan, “Tell me what you have done.” Jonathan told him, “I used the end of the staff that was in my hand to taste a little honey. I must die!” ²⁴  14:44 Saul said, “God will punish me severely if Jonathan doesn’t die!” ²⁵ 

14:45 But the army said to Saul, “Should Jonathan, who won this great victory in Israel, die? May it never be! As surely as the Lord lives, not a single hair of his head will fall to the ground! For it is with the help of God that he has acted today.” So the army rescued Jonathan from death. ²⁶ 

1 Samuel 25:24

25:24 Falling at his feet, she said, “My lord, I accept all the guilt! But please let your female servant speak with my lord! Please listen to the words of your servant!

1 Samuel 25:2

David Marries Abigail the Widow of Nabal

25:2 There was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel. This man was very wealthy; ²⁷  he owned three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. At that time he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

1 Samuel 14:9

14:9 If they say to us, ‘Stay put until we approach you,’ we will stay ²⁸  right there and not go up to them.

Matius 27:25

27:25 In ²⁹  reply all the people said, “Let his blood be on us and on our children!”

[25:23]  ¹ sn By metonymy the two children in her womb are described as two nations of which the two children, Jacob and Esau, would become the fathers. The language suggests there would be a struggle between these nations, with one being stronger than the other. The oracle reveals that all of Jacob’s scheming was unnecessary in the final analysis. He would have become the dominant nation without using deception to steal his brother’s blessing.

[25:33]  ² tn Heb “Swear to me today.”

[25:33]  ³ tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Esau) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[25:33]  ⁴ sn And sold his birthright. There is evidence from Hurrian culture that rights of inheritance were occasionally sold or transferred. Here Esau is portrayed as a profane person who would at the moment rather have a meal than the right to inherit. He will soon forget this trade and seek his father’s blessing in spite of it.

[43:9]  ⁵ tn The pronoun before the first person verbal form draws attention to the subject and emphasizes Judah’s willingness to be personally responsible for the boy.

[43:9]  ⁶ sn I will bear the blame before you all my life. It is not clear how this would work out if Benjamin did not come back. But Judah is offering his life for Benjamin’s if Benjamin does not return.

[43:1]  ⁷ tn The disjunctive clause gives supplemental information that is important to the storyline.

[14:25]  ⁸ tn Heb “all the land.”

[14:25]  ⁹ tn Heb “the surface of the field.”

[14:26]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and the army entered the forest, and look!”

[14:26]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and there was no one putting his hand to his mouth.”

[14:27]  ¹² tn Heb “and he returned his hand to his mouth.”

[14:27]  ¹³ tc The translation follows the Qere and several medieval Hebrew mss in reading “gleamed,” rather than the Kethib, “saw.”

[14:28]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “your father surely put the army under an oath.” The infinitive absolute is used before the finite verb to emphasize the solemn nature of the oath.

[14:36]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “plunder.”

[14:36]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “until the light of the morning.”

[14:36]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and there will not be left among them a man.”

[14:36]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “all that is good in your eyes.” So also in v. 40.

[14:38]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “know and see.”

[14:39]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and there was no one answering from all the army.”

[14:41]  ²¹ tc Heb “to the Lord God of Israel: ‘Give what is perfect.’” The Hebrew textual tradition has accidentally omitted several words here. The present translation follows the LXX (as do several English versions, cf. NAB, NRSV, TEV). See P. K. McCarter, I Samuel (AB), 247-48, and R. W. Klein, 1 Samuel (WBC), 132.

[14:41]  sn The Urim and Thummim were used for lot casting in ancient Israel. Their exact identity is uncertain; they may have been specially marked stones drawn from a bag. See Exod 28:30; Lev 8:8, and Deut 33:8, as well as the discussion in R. W. Klein, 1 Samuel (WBC), 140.

[14:41]  ²² tn Heb “went out.”

[14:42]  ²³ tc The LXX includes the following words: “Whomever the Lord will indicate by the lot, let him die! And the people said to Saul, ‘It is not this word.’ But Saul prevailed over the people, and they cast lots between him and between Jonathan his son.”

[14:43]  ²⁴ tn Heb “Look, I, I will die.” Apparently Jonathan is acquiescing to his anticipated fate of death. However, the words may be taken as sarcastic (“Here I am about to die!”) or as a question, “Must I now die?” (cf. NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT).

[14:44]  ²⁵ tn Heb “So God will do and so he will add, surely you will certainly die, Jonathan.”

[14:45]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and he did not die.”

[25:2]  ²⁷ tn Heb “great.”

[14:9]  ²⁸ tn Heb “stand.”

[27:25]  ²⁹ tn Grk “answering, all the people said.” This construction is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.